The European Union has released a detailed report on the decomposition analysis of energy consumption across its member states. This comprehensive analysis spans various sectors, including the overall economy, industry, residential, and transport sectors, providing valuable insights into energy consumption patterns and trends from 2011 to 2021.
Overall Economy:The energy consumption in the overall economy of the EU-27 remained relatively stable, fluctuating between 18,555 PJ and 19,716 PJ over the studied period. Despite a steady increase in the active population from 196 million in 2011 to 209 million in 2021, energy consumption saw only minor changes. The increase in economic activity led to a rise in energy consumption by about 1,304 PJ. However, structural changes, such as the growing share of the commercial and public services sector, and improvements in energy intensity, offset this increase, resulting in a net decrease in energy consumption by about 833 PJ.
Industry Sector:The manufacturing industry in the EU-27 showed stable energy consumption, with minor fluctuations. Energy consumption peaked at 12,570 PJ in 2019 before dropping to 11,710 PJ in 2020 and slightly recovering to 12,145 PJ in 2021. The industry's gross value added (GVA) followed a similar trend. Between 2011 and 2020, reductions in activity and structural changes, along with significant improvements in energy intensity, contributed to a decrease in energy consumption by about 610 PJ. This reduction highlights the sector's progress in energy efficiency.
Residential Sector:Energy consumption in the residential sector varied, with values ranging from 9,824 PJ to 11,141 PJ. Factors such as population growth and dwelling occupancy influenced these trends. A notable increase in energy consumption per dwelling, particularly for heating, contributed to this variation. Weather conditions also played a role, with heating degree days slightly increasing energy demand. Despite these factors, improvements in energy consumption per dwelling led to a net decrease in overall energy use.
Transport Sector:The transport sector saw significant changes, with energy consumption initially decreasing from 11,311 PJ in 2010 to 10,774 PJ in 2013, then increasing to 11,692 PJ in 2019 before dropping again in 2020. Road transport accounted for the majority of energy use. The overall increase in traffic contributed to higher energy consumption, but improvements in energy intensity and changes in the share of different transport modes helped reduce the impact.
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